Source code for strawberryfields.backends.tfbackend.backend

# Copyright 2019 Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc.

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at

#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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"""
TensorFlow backend interface
============================

"""
# pylint: disable=too-many-public-methods
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf

from strawberryfields.backends import BaseFock, ModeMap
from .circuit import Circuit
from .ops import mix, partial_trace, reorder_modes
from .states import FockStateTF


[docs]class TFBackend(BaseFock): r"""Implements a simulation of quantum optical circuits in a truncated Fock basis using `TensorFlow <http://tensorflow.org/>`_, returning a :class:`~.FockStateTF` state object. """ short_name = "tf" def __init__(self): """Initialize a TFBackend object.""" super().__init__() self._supported["mixed_states"] = True self._supported["batched"] = True self._supported["symbolic"] = True self._init_modes = None #: int: initial number of modes in the circuit self._modemap = None #: Modemap: maps external mode indices to internal ones self.circuit = ( None #: ~.tfbackend.circuit.Circuit: representation of the simulated quantum state ) def _remap_modes(self, modes): if isinstance(modes, int): modes = [modes] was_int = True else: was_int = False map_ = self._modemap.show() submap = [map_[m] for m in modes] if not self._modemap.valid(modes) or None in submap: raise ValueError("The specified modes are not valid.") remapped_modes = self._modemap.remap(modes) if was_int: remapped_modes = remapped_modes[0] return remapped_modes
[docs] def begin_circuit(self, num_subsystems, **kwargs): r"""Instantiate a quantum circuit. Instantiates a representation of a quantum optical state with ``num_subsystems`` modes. The state is initialized to vacuum. The modes in the circuit are indexed sequentially using integers, starting from zero. Once an index is assigned to a mode, it can never be re-assigned to another mode. If the mode is deleted its index becomes invalid. An operation acting on an invalid or unassigned mode index raises an ``IndexError`` exception. Args: num_subsystems (int): number of modes in the circuit Keyword Args: cutoff_dim (int): Numerical Hilbert space cutoff dimension for the modes. For each mode, the simulator can represent the Fock states :math:`\ket{0}, \ket{1}, \ldots, \ket{\text{cutoff_dim}-1}`. pure (bool): If True (default), use a pure state representation (otherwise will use a mixed state representation). batch_size (None or int): Size of the batch-axis dimension. If None, no batch-axis will be used. dtype (tf.DType): Complex Tensorflow Tensor type representation, either ``tf.complex64`` (default) or ``tf.complex128``. Note, ``tf.complex128`` will increase memory usage substantially. """ cutoff_dim = kwargs.get("cutoff_dim", None) pure = kwargs.get("pure", True) batch_size = kwargs.get("batch_size", None) dtype = kwargs.get("dtype", tf.complex64) if cutoff_dim is None: raise ValueError("Argument 'cutoff_dim' must be passed to the TensorFlow backend") if not isinstance(num_subsystems, int): raise ValueError("Argument 'num_subsystems' must be a positive integer") if not isinstance(cutoff_dim, int): raise ValueError("Argument 'cutoff_dim' must be a positive integer") if not isinstance(pure, bool): raise ValueError("Argument 'pure' must be either True or False") if not dtype in (tf.complex64, tf.complex128): raise ValueError("Argument 'dtype' must be a complex Tensorflow DType") if batch_size == 1: raise ValueError( "batch_size of 1 not supported, please use different batch_size or set batch_size=None" ) with tf.name_scope("Begin_circuit"): self._modemap = ModeMap(num_subsystems) circuit = Circuit(num_subsystems, cutoff_dim, pure, batch_size, dtype) self._init_modes = num_subsystems self.circuit = circuit
[docs] def reset(self, pure=True, **kwargs): """Reset the circuit so that all the modes are in the vacuum state. After the reset the circuit is in the same state as it was after the last :meth:`begin_circuit` call. It will have the original number of modes, all initialized in the vacuum state. Some circuit parameters may be changed during the reset, see the keyword args below. Args: pure (bool): if True, initialize the circuit in a pure state representation (will use a mixed state representation if pure is False) Keyword Args: cutoff_dim (int): new Hilbert space truncation dimension """ with tf.name_scope("Reset"): self._modemap.reset() self.circuit.reset(num_subsystems=self._init_modes, pure=pure, **kwargs)
[docs] def get_cutoff_dim(self): return self.circuit.cutoff_dim
[docs] def get_modes(self): # pylint: disable=protected-access return [i for i, j in enumerate(self._modemap._map) if j is not None]
[docs] def prepare_vacuum_state(self, mode): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_vacuum"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.prepare_vacuum_state(remapped_mode)
[docs] def prepare_coherent_state(self, r, phi, mode): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_coherent"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.prepare_coherent_state(r, phi, remapped_mode)
[docs] def prepare_squeezed_state(self, r, phi, mode): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_squeezed"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.prepare_squeezed_state(r, phi, remapped_mode)
[docs] def prepare_displaced_squeezed_state(self, r_d, phi_d, r_s, phi_s, mode): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_displaced_squeezed"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.prepare_displaced_squeezed_state(r_d, phi_d, r_s, phi_s, remapped_mode)
[docs] def prepare_fock_state(self, n, mode): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_fock"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.prepare_fock_state(n, remapped_mode)
[docs] def prepare_ket_state(self, state, modes): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_state"): self.circuit.prepare_multimode(state, self._remap_modes(modes), True)
[docs] def prepare_dm_state(self, state, modes): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_state"): self.circuit.prepare_multimode(state, self._remap_modes(modes), False)
[docs] def prepare_thermal_state(self, nbar, mode): with tf.name_scope("Prepare_thermal"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.prepare_thermal_state(nbar, remapped_mode)
[docs] def rotation(self, phi, mode): with tf.name_scope("Rotation"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.phase_shift(phi, remapped_mode)
[docs] def displacement(self, r, phi, mode): with tf.name_scope("Displacement"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.displacement(r, phi, remapped_mode)
[docs] def squeeze(self, r, phi, mode): with tf.name_scope("Squeeze"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.squeeze(r, phi, remapped_mode)
[docs] def beamsplitter(self, theta, phi, mode1, mode2): with tf.name_scope("Beamsplitter"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes([mode1, mode2]) self.circuit.beamsplitter(theta, phi, remapped_modes[0], remapped_modes[1])
[docs] def mzgate(self, phi_in, phi_ex, mode1, mode2): with tf.name_scope("MZgate"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes([mode1, mode2]) self.circuit.mzgate(phi_in, phi_ex, remapped_modes[0], remapped_modes[1])
[docs] def two_mode_squeeze(self, r, phi, mode1, mode2): with tf.name_scope("Two-mode_squeezing"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes([mode1, mode2]) self.circuit.two_mode_squeeze(r, phi, remapped_modes[0], remapped_modes[1])
[docs] def loss(self, T, mode): with tf.name_scope("Loss"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.loss(T, remapped_mode)
[docs] def cubic_phase(self, gamma, mode): with tf.name_scope("Cubic_phase"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.cubic_phase(gamma, remapped_mode)
[docs] def kerr_interaction(self, kappa, mode): with tf.name_scope("Kerr_interaction"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) self.circuit.kerr_interaction(kappa, remapped_mode)
[docs] def cross_kerr_interaction(self, kappa, mode1, mode2): with tf.name_scope("Cross-Kerr_interaction"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes([mode1, mode2]) self.circuit.cross_kerr_interaction(kappa, remapped_modes[0], remapped_modes[1])
[docs] def gaussian_gate(self, S, d, *modes): """Multimode gaussian gate parametrized by its symplectic matrix and displacement vector, the number of modes to be applied is not fixed""" with tf.name_scope("Gaussian_gate"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes(modes) self.circuit.gaussian_gate(S, d, remapped_modes)
[docs] def state(self, modes=None, **kwargs): r"""Returns the state of the quantum simulation, restricted to the subsystems defined by `modes`. See :meth:`.BaseBackend.state`. Returns: FockStateTF: state description """ with tf.name_scope("State"): s = self.circuit.state pure = self.circuit.state_is_pure num_modes = self.circuit.num_modes batched = self.circuit.batched dtype = self.circuit.dtype # reduce rho down to specified subsystems if modes is None: # reduced state is full state reduced_state = s modes = list(range(num_modes)) else: if isinstance(modes, int): modes = [modes] if len(modes) != len(set(modes)): raise ValueError("The specified modes cannot be duplicated.") if len(modes) > num_modes: raise ValueError( "The number of specified modes cannot be larger than the number of subsystems." ) if pure: # convert to mixed state representation reduced_state = mix(s, batched) pure = False else: reduced_state = s # trace our all modes not in modes # todo: Doing this one by one is very inefficient. The partial trace function should be improved. for mode in sorted([m for m in range(num_modes) if m not in modes], reverse=True): reduced_state = partial_trace(reduced_state, mode, False, batched) reduced_state_pure = False # unless the modes were requested in order, we need to swap indices around if modes != sorted(modes): mode_permutation = np.argsort(np.argsort(modes)) reduced_state = reorder_modes( reduced_state, mode_permutation, reduced_state_pure, batched ) s = reduced_state modenames = ["q[{}]".format(i) for i in np.array(self.get_modes())[modes]] state_ = FockStateTF( s, len(modes), pure, self.circuit.cutoff_dim, batched=batched, mode_names=modenames, dtype=dtype, ) return state_
[docs] def measure_fock(self, modes, shots=1, select=None, **kwargs): """Measure the given modes in the Fock basis. See :meth:`.BaseFock.measure_fock`. Keyword Args: Returns: tuple[int] or tuple[Tensor]: measurement outcomes """ if shots != 1: raise NotImplementedError( "TF backend currently does not support " "shots != 1 for Fock measurement" ) with tf.name_scope("Measure_fock"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes(modes) meas = self.circuit.measure_fock(remapped_modes, select=select, **kwargs) return meas
[docs] def measure_homodyne(self, phi, mode, shots=1, select=None, **kwargs): """Perform a homodyne measurement on the specified modes. See :meth:`.BaseBackend.measure_homodyne`. Keyword Args: num_bins (int): Number of equally spaced bins for the probability distribution function (pdf) simulating the homodyne measurement (default: 100000). max (float): The pdf is discretized onto the 1D grid [-max,max] (default: 10). Returns: float or tf.Tensor: measurement outcome """ if shots != 1: raise NotImplementedError( "TF backend currently does not support " "shots != 1 for homodyne measurement" ) with tf.name_scope("Measure_homodyne"): remapped_mode = self._remap_modes(mode) meas = self.circuit.measure_homodyne(phi, remapped_mode, select, **kwargs) return meas
[docs] def is_vacuum(self, tol=0.0, **kwargs): with tf.name_scope("Is_vacuum"): vac_elem = self.circuit.vacuum_element() return np.abs(vac_elem - 1) <= tol
[docs] def del_mode(self, modes): with tf.name_scope("Del_mode"): remapped_modes = self._remap_modes(modes) if isinstance(remapped_modes, int): remapped_modes = [remapped_modes] self.circuit.del_mode(remapped_modes) self._modemap.delete(modes)
[docs] def add_mode(self, n=1, **kwargs): with tf.name_scope("Add_mode"): self.circuit.add_mode(n) self._modemap.add(n)
[docs] def thermal_loss(self, T, nbar, mode): raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def measure_threshold(self, modes, shots=1, select=None, **kwargs): raise NotImplementedError